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Freeze-Drying Breast Milk: Research

Research on Freeze Drying Human Milk

1. Blackshaw, K., Wu, J., Proschogo, N., Davies, J., Oldfield, D., Schindeler, A., Banati, R., Dehghani, F., Valtchev, P. (2022). The effect of thermal pasteurization, freeze-drying, and gamma irradiation on donor human milk. Food Chemistry, 373, 131402. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308814621024080?via%3Dihub

2. Blackshaw, K., Wu, J., Valtchev, P., Lau, E., Banati, R., Dehghani, F., Schindeler, A. {2021). The effects of thermal pasteurisation, freeze-drying, and gamma-irradiation on the antibacterial properties of donor human milk. Foods, 10(9), 2077. https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/9/2077

3. Blackshaw, K.; Valtchev, P.; Koolaji, N.; Berry, N.; Schindeler, A.; Dehghani, F.; Banati, R.B. The risk of infectious pathogens in breast-feeding, donated human milk and breast milk substitutes. Public Health Nutr. 2020, 24, 1725-1740. https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/BAFF2D673F7F0DA2F3EC6DBF8DCB92EF/S1368980020000555a.pdf/the-risk-of-infectious-pathogens-in-breast-feeding-donated-human-milk-and-breast-milk-substitutes.pdf

4. Cavazos-Garduno, A.; Serrano-Nino, J.; Soils-Pacheco, J.; Gutierrez-Padilla,J.; Gonzalez-Reynoso, O.; Garcfa, H.; Aguilar­

Uscanga, 8. Effect of pasteurization,freeze-drying and spray drying on thefat globule and lipid profile of human milk. Food Nutr. Res. 2016, 4, 296-302. – https://pubs.sciepub.com/jfnr/4/5/5/index.html

5. Martysiak-Zurowska, D.; Rozek, P.; Puta, M. The effect of freeze-drying and storage on lysozyme activity, lactoferrin content, superoxide dismutase activity, total antioxidant capacity and fatty acid profile of freeze-dried human milk. Dry. Technol. 2020, 2020, 1-11. – https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07373937.2020.1824188

6. Hahn, W.-H.; Bae, S.P.; Song, S.; Park, S.; Lee, J.; Seo, J.-B.; Kang, N.M. The freeze-drying does not influence the proteomic profiles of human milk. J. Matern. FetaNeonatal Med. 2020, 33, 2069-2074. – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30418097/

7. -Hahn, W.H.; Bae, S.P.; Lee, H.; Park, J.M.; Park, S.; Lee, J.; Kang, N.M. The impact of freeze-drying on the glycoproteomic profiles of human milk. Anal. Sci. Technol. 2020, 33, 177-185. • https://doi.org/10.5806/AST.2020.33.4.177

8. Hahn, W.-H.; Kim, J.; Song, S.; Park, S.; Kang, N.M. The human milk oligosaccharides are not affected by pasteurization and freeze-drying.J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019, 32, 985-991. – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29108433/

9. Jarzynka S, Strom K, Barbarska 0, Pawlikowska E, Minkiewicz-Zochniak A, Rosiak E, Oledzka G, Wesolowska A. Combination of High-Pressure Processing and Freeze-Drying as the Most Effective Techniques in Maintaining Biological Values and Microbiological Safety of Donor Milk. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 22;18(4):2147. – https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/4/2147

10. Aguilar Uscanga, B. R., et al. (2019). Human Milk Powder an Alternative for Better Conservation and Healthier Use in the Banks of Human Milk. CPQ Nutrition, 3(2), 01-12. – https://www.cientperiodique.com/article/CPQNN-3-2-47.pdf

11. Cavazos-Garduno, A.; Serrano-Nino, J.; Solis-Pacheco,J.; Gutierrez-Padilla, J.; Gonzalez-Reynoso, O.; Garda, H.; Aguilar­ Uscanga, B. – Effect of Pasteurization, Freeze-drying and Spray Drying on the Fat Globule and Lipid Profile of Human Milk – http://pubs.sciepub.com/jfnr/4/5/5/index.html

12. Cortez MV, Soria EA. The Effect of Freeze-Drying on the Nutrient, Polyphenol, and Oxidant Levels of Breast Milk. Breastfeed Med. 2016 Dec;ll:551-554. – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27925493/

13. lanca Lozano, Ana Isabel Castellote, Rosa Montes & M. Carmen Lopez-Sabater {2014) Vitamins, fatty acids, and antioxidant capacity stability during storage of freeze-dried human milk, International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 65:6, 703-707 – https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/09637486.2014.917154

14. Combination of High-Pressure Processing and Freeze-Drying as the Most Effective Techniques in Maintaining Biological Values and Microbiological Safety of Donor Milk https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7926441/

Freeze-drying is an effective method for preserving nutrients in breast milk. The evidence from various studies supports this conclusion:

  1. Freeze-drying preserves the nutritional properties, polyphenol-related functionality, and oxidative integrity of human milk, making it a suitable conservation method (Cortez & Soria, 2016).
  2. The stability of freeze-dried human milk is higher than that of frozen or fresh milk, indicating that freeze-drying is a promising option for improving the preservation of human milk in banks (Lozano et al., 2014).
  3. Combination techniques involving high-pressure processing and freeze-drying show great potential for preserving the nutritional value of human milk and ensuring microbiological safety (Jarzynka et al., 2021).

These studies collectively suggest that freeze-drying is an effective way to preserve the key components of breast milk, making it a valuable method for long-term storage and maintaining the quality of the milk.